Internet Applications

Software associated with the Internet is closely associated with Internet applications. Internet application is a protocol used to connect between one person or a machine with other parties apart. Internet applications will be related to the two sides, namely the supply side
(Server) or user side (client). Examples of Internet applications and software from the user side are common in use are:

1. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), an Internet application that displays lines, or images, with a few words below the line marked (hypertext). From this hypertext, the user can jump from one document (page) to other documents. The software on the users running http known as a browser.

2. E-mail (Electronic mail), an application of correspondence on the Internet. Every person has a
e-mail address, and can exchange documents with each other. Example software is Outlook Express

3. Messenger
Messenger uses to communicate between one or more persons (conference), in addition
communication through text (messsage), also can be a sound (voice) mapun film (webcam)

Multimedia Applications

Multimedia applications today are many and varied. Multimedia is said because in addition to text media use, this application can be processed in the form of another show that is drawing votes

Multimedia applications is closely associated with the data format in use. Multimedia applications are generally separated into applications that are in use to create, which is only used for display only and application settings.


Multimedia digital formats include:

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) format, the sound of this instrument introduced in the year
1983 by music companies such as Roland electric, Yamaha and Korg. MIDI format is very compact with small size, the sounds generated by MIDI with support
who holds a synthesizer sound card (sound-producing electric) is very similar to an electric organ that can play various musical instruments.

MP3 format, known as the voice is different from the MIDI instrument only, MP3 record all votes, including votes singers. MP3 sound quality will be proportional to the size penyimpannya. A lot of quality in use to record music is a standard CD-ROM (44.2 KHz, 16 bit, stereo), while the lowest quality is the quality like the phone (5 KHz,
8 bit, mono).

MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), a format that is compiled by experts from all over the world to a multimedia format.

AVI (audio video interleave), AVI format created by Microsoft and is easy on the move-move
in other Microsoft-made applications such as Word or PowerPoint

Quicktime, same as AVI, Quicktime can be used both on Intel-based computer or Mac. Quicktime AVI can menyaingin in because a better compression level. Determining the level of compression-small files that will also determine the large-small storage medium, and wide data paths required for the transfer.

Operating Systems

The operating system is associated with a processor that is in use. Types of processors on a common PC is compatible with the initial product of IBM and Macintosh. Macintosh PC, the software developed by the same company so that its development is not sepesat cloning the IBM PC. IBM's operating system from the current cloning are generally divided into two streams namely commercial created by Microsoft and which is freeware that was developed by researchers from around the world because it is open source, namely the manufacture of raw materials can be read, so the results can be added or modification by anyone.

While the interaction between the user and the computer is known through two ways, first way is giving instructions through the writing of the command (figure 3.5), or a way point (pointer) with graphical display

SOFTWARE CLASSIFICATION

The software can generally be in for the second type of software systems and applications software. The software system can be in for another three types:

1. Programming language: it is the duty of software architecture and algorithms that convert the design into a format that humans can run a computer, examples of which programming language: BASIC, COBOL, Pascal, C + +, FORTRAN
2. Operating system: when the computer is first in the turn, the system first operasilah
on the run, the operating system that regulates the entire process, translates the input, manage internal processes, memanejemen memory usage and provides output to equipment
corresponding, for example operating systems: DOS, Unix, Windows 1995, IMB OS / 2, Apple's System
7
3. Utility: the operating system is a software system with certain functions, such as examination of the hardware (hardware troubleshooting), inspect a damaged floppy disk (not physically damaged), rearrange the contents of your hard disk (partition, defrag), an example is Norton Utility Utilty

The application software is part of the software is very much in the encounter and continue to grow. Before the 1990s the applications in familiar word processor (Word Star, Chi Write), processor table (Lotus 123, Quatro Pro), database (dBase) and entertainment (games). In the development of word processing, database tables and is currently in the bundle into office applications with the additional application for making presentations will be provided later in this training. Examples of office applications is Microsoft Office which consists of Word (word processing), Excel (processing tables), Access (database) and PowerPoint (presentation). Growing very much at this time is a multimedia and Internet applications. Examples of multimedia applications is the Winamp to play music files between MP3 or CD Audio, then RealPlayer which can be used for watching movies or VCDs. Internet applications in use are common for browsing, e-mail, chats and messenger.

Applications that are special to help them work like AutoCAD Engineer (structural drawings), Protel (images of electronic circuits), and Matlab (processing and visualization of mathematical equations).

Analyzing the MAC Address

MAC Address observe the hosts in the network with arp command

• Checking the local host ethernet MAC Address

root @ linux /] # ifconfig

Write and explain the MAC Address of your computer use
HWaddr 00:50: BA: C0: E1: 0A

• Checking your ethernet MAC address of computers connected to the local computer

root @ linux /] # arp-a

root @ linux /] # arp-n

Write and describe MAC address of computers connected to the computer that you wear
10.1.3.65 ether 00:14:85:2 D: 50:72

root @ linux /] # arp

Configuring TCP

Configuring TCP / IP on the Linux operating system

a) Check the configuration of TCP / IP

[Root @ linux /] # ifconfig

Write and explain the output of the command above?
To view the network configuration such as IP address in a network
eth0 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr 00:50: BA: C0: E1: 0A
inet addr: 192.168.0.1 Bcast: 192.168.0.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0
lo Link encap: Local Loopback
inet addr: 127.0.0.1 Mask: 255.0.0.0

b) configuring TCP / IP

IP configuration can be done in several ways, including:

[Root @ linux /] # netconfig

or

[Root @ linux /] # ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.2 netmask 192.168.0.7 broadcast 255 255 255 248

[Root @ linux /] # ifconfig eth0: 1 192.168.0.2 netmask 192.168.0.7 broadcast 255 255 255 248


Configuring Routing (Gateway)

[Root @ linux /] # route add-net 192.168.0.0 gw 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0

[Root @ linux /] # route del-net 192.168.0.0 gw 192.168.0.1

[Root @ linux /] # route add default gw 192.168.0.1

Write and explain the output of the command above?
Route add: to add a routing table
-Net 192.168.0.0: to add information of a network router server
netmask: netmask to add information network router server
i: to add the gateway address for a server
all done on orders over masing2 server router,

route del: delete a routing table information

default: to add information server router address as its default gateway

Configuring TCP / IP and default gateway is contained in a file

/ Etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

• Edit your NIC configuration

[Root @ linux /] # vi / etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

Replace the NIC configuration with

DEVICE = eth0
ONBOOT = yes
BOOTPROTO = static
BROADCAST = 10.1.3.xx
IPADDR = 10.1.3.yy
Netmask = 255.255.255.0
NETWORK = 10.1.3.zz
GATEWAY = 10.1.3.1

Where "yy" is the last two digits for the number hostID (no serial numbers absent or monitor) praktikan! "Xx" and "ZZ" is determined based on the predetermined netmask 255.255.255.0

• Restart, stop or start service network!

[Root @ linux /] # service network restart

[Root @ linux /] # / etc / rc.d / init.d / network stop

[Root @ linux /] # / etc / init.d / network start


• Checking the results of the new configuration

[Root @ linux /] # ifconfig

Write and explain the output of the command above?
eth0 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr 00:50: BA: C0: E1: 0A
inet addr: 10.1.3.64 Bcast: 10.1.3.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0
eth0: hardware is the type of Ethernet line cards
Hwadds: ethernet mac addresses
inet addr: ip address of computer
10.1.3.255 broadcast: broadcast address
mask of 255.255.255.0: masking of a network with 254 rations ip address


• Checking connectivity to host a neighbor!

[Root @ linux /] # ping [ip_tetangga_anda]
• Checking connectivity to all hosts on the network (broadcast)!

[Root @ linux /] # ping [ip_broadcast]-b